{
 "schema_version": "1.0",
 "file_type": "prepositions",
 "language": "ar",
 "parent_node": "nd_prepositions",
 "entry_shape": "preposition",
 "available_senses": [
  {
   "code": "dir_to",
   "roles": [
    "destination"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "إلى (اتجاه نحو مكان)",
    "en": "to (towards a place)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "dir_into",
   "roles": [
    "destination"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "إلى داخل",
    "en": "into (entering)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "dir_onto",
   "roles": [
    "destination"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "إلى سطح الشيء",
    "en": "onto"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "dir_towards",
   "roles": [
    "destination"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "نحو (دون الوصول)",
    "en": "towards"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "dir_home",
   "roles": [
    "destination"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "إلى بيت شخص أو عنده",
    "en": "to someone's place"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "src_from",
   "roles": [
    "source"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "من (مكان الانطلاق)",
    "en": "from"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "src_out_of",
   "roles": [
    "source"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "من داخل (خروجًا)",
    "en": "out of"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_in",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "في (داخل)",
    "en": "in (inside)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_at",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "عند / في (موضع)",
    "en": "at"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_on",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "على",
    "en": "on"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_under",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "تحت",
    "en": "under"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_over",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "فوق",
    "en": "over, above"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_near",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "قرب",
    "en": "near"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_behind",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "خلف",
    "en": "behind"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_in_front",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "أمام",
    "en": "in front of"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_between",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "بين",
    "en": "between"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "loc_home",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "عند شخص (في بيته)",
    "en": "at someone's place"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "tim_at",
   "roles": [
    "time"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "في (ساعة أو لحظة)",
    "en": "at (a time)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "tim_in",
   "roles": [
    "time"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "في (شهر أو فترة)",
    "en": "in (a period)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "tim_on",
   "roles": [
    "time"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "في (يوم)",
    "en": "on (a day)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "tim_before",
   "roles": [
    "time"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "قبل",
    "en": "before"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "tim_after",
   "roles": [
    "time"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "بعد",
    "en": "after"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "tim_during",
   "roles": [
    "time"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "أثناء",
    "en": "during"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "tim_since",
   "roles": [
    "time"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "منذ",
    "en": "since"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "acc_with",
   "roles": [
    "accompaniment"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "مع (بصحبة)",
    "en": "with (together)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "ins_with",
   "roles": [
    "instrument"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "بـ (بأداة)",
    "en": "with (a tool)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "ins_by",
   "roles": [
    "instrument"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "بواسطة (وسيلة نقل أو طريقة)",
    "en": "by (means)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "top_about",
   "roles": [
    "topic"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "عن (موضوع)",
    "en": "about"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "top_on",
   "roles": [
    "topic"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "حول / في (موضوع)",
    "en": "on (a subject)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "ben_for",
   "roles": [
    "beneficiary"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "لـ / من أجل (شخص)",
    "en": "for (someone)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "ben_to",
   "roles": [
    "beneficiary"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "إلى / لـ (المتلقّي)",
    "en": "to (a recipient)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "cau_because_of",
   "roles": [
    "cause"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "بسبب",
    "en": "because of"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "cau_from",
   "roles": [
    "cause"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "من (سبب)",
    "en": "from, out of (cause)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "pur_for",
   "roles": [
    "purpose"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "من أجل (غاية)",
    "en": "for (a purpose)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "agt_by",
   "roles": [
    "agent"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "من قِبَل",
    "en": "by (agent)"
   }
  },
  {
   "code": "man_with",
   "roles": [
    "manner"
   ],
   "label": {
    "ar": "بـ (طريقة)",
    "en": "with (manner)"
   }
  }
 ],
 "taxonomy": [
  {
   "code": "nd_prepositions",
   "label": "PREPOSITIONS",
   "note": "",
   "leaf": true
  }
 ],
 "_instructions": [
  "id هو حرف الجر كما يُكتب في الجملة (بلا أداة). \"+\" في آخره يلصقه بما بعده (ب+، ل+).",
  "roles: الأدوار التي يخدمها الحرف؛ gloss شرح إنجليزي قصير. hint وref_lemma للمساعدة فقط.",
  "سطر لكل دور: اكتب حرف لغتك لذلك الدور، وكرّر السطر إن كان للدور أكثر من حرف. الأسطر الفارغة تُتجاهل.",
  "pronoun_forms (اختياري، 2026-11-03): الحرف مع ضمير الشخص كلمة واحدة كاملة لكل شخص حين تلصق اللغة الضمير بالحرف، مثل إلى ← {\"i\": \"إليّ\", \"you_sg\": \"إليكَ\", \"he\": \"إليه\", \"she\": \"إليها\", \"we\": \"إلينا\", \"you_pl\": \"إليكم\", \"they\": \"إليهم\"}، ومع ← {\"i\": \"معي\", …}. اتركه فارغًا في لغة تكتب الحرف والضمير منفصلين (con me، with me).",
  "senses: لكل دور في roles، معنى الحرف في ذلك الدور من القائمة المغلقة available_senses في رأس الملف وحدها (لا تخترع رمزًا). مثال: a ← {\"destination\": [\"dir_to\"]}، in ← {\"destination\": [\"dir_into\"], \"location\": [\"loc_in\"]}، إلى ← {\"destination\": [\"dir_to\", \"dir_into\"]} لأنها تغطي المعنيين. اختر المعنى الذي يقابله في اللغات الأخرى (used_by يذكر حروفها)، فالجملة باللغات معًا تأخذ حرفًا واحدًا بالمعنى نفسه في كل لغة. اتركه [] إن لم تعرف.",
  "هذا الملف يُرفع أولًا في اللغة الجديدة: ملف القواعد والأسماء والأفعال تتحقق منه.",
  "ملف عربي مبني على بنية النسخة الإيطالية: concept_id وgloss ثابتان للربط بين اللغتين، وlemma وforms بالعربية. «ال+» تعني أن التعريف سابقة تُلصق بالاسم. الأمثلة الإيطالية الواردة في التعليمات أعلاه للتوضيح فقط."
 ],
 "target_language": "ar",
 "entries": [
  {
   "id": "في",
   "gloss": "in, inside",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "location": [
     "loc_in",
     "loc_at"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "إلى",
   "gloss": "to, towards",
   "roles": [
    "destination"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "destination": [
     "dir_to",
     "dir_into"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "من",
   "gloss": "from",
   "roles": [
    "source"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "source": [
     "src_from",
     "src_out_of"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "عند",
   "gloss": "at someone's place",
   "roles": [
    "location",
    "destination"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "location": [
     "loc_home",
     "loc_at"
    ],
    "destination": [
     "dir_home"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "على",
   "gloss": "on",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "location": [
     "loc_on"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "مع",
   "gloss": "with (together)",
   "roles": [
    "accompaniment"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "accompaniment": [
     "acc_with"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "بـ",
   "gloss": "with (a tool), by",
   "roles": [
    "instrument",
    "manner"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "instrument": [
     "ins_with",
     "ins_by"
    ],
    "manner": [
     "man_with"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "عن",
   "gloss": "about",
   "roles": [
    "topic"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "topic": [
     "top_about"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "لـ",
   "gloss": "for, to (recipient)",
   "roles": [
    "beneficiary"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "beneficiary": [
     "ben_for",
     "ben_to"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "من أجل",
   "gloss": "for the purpose of",
   "roles": [
    "purpose"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "purpose": [
     "pur_for"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "بسبب",
   "gloss": "because of",
   "roles": [
    "cause"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "cause": [
     "cau_because_of"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "تحت",
   "gloss": "under, below",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "location": [
     "loc_under"
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "فوق",
   "gloss": "above, over",
   "roles": [
    "location"
   ],
   "senses": {
    "location": [
     "loc_over"
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}